polarization opなし → cimage(引数だけで決まる op —— 画像やデータの入力を取らない)import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.jones_element(kind='polarizer', angle_deg=0.0, retardance_deg=90.0) (実装を直接呼ぶなら import optics; optics.jones_element(kind='polarizer', angle_deg=0.0, retardance_deg=90.0)、台帳から引くなら opsoptics.get("jones_element"))A 2x2 complex Jones matrix for one polarisation element.
kind is one of :data:JONES_KINDS:
"polarizer" ideal linear polariser, transmission axis at angle_deg
from x · "retarder" linear retarder, fast axis at angle_deg,
retardance retardance_deg · "quarter_wave" / "half_wave"
retarders with the retardance fixed at 90 / 180 degrees (retardance_deg
is then ignored — stated here so a caller who passes one is not left
wondering) · "rotator" optical rotator turning the polarisation by
angle_deg.
The retarder is written symmetrically, diag(exp(-i*d/2), exp(+i*d/2))
before rotation, so it introduces no common phase — the fast axis leads.
(Cross-checked 2026-09-18: Jones phase and handedness conventions differ
per library — pypolar carries two and this matches neither away from
0 degrees — so the comparison is made in the Mueller domain: every kind,
pushed through :func:stokes_from_jones, equals pypolar’s Mueller element
to 1e-15. The rotator turns the state by +angle, so pypolar
op_rotation / polanalyser rotator — coordinate rotations — equal
ours at -angle. See tests/test_polarization_external_diff.py.)
Elements are built as R(+a) @ J0 @ R(-a).
Returns a (2, 2) complex128 matrix acting on a Jones vector
[Ex, Ey]; compose a train with J_total = J_last @ ... @ J_first and
apply it with :func:jones_apply.
Ground truth it reproduces exactly (machine precision): two crossed ideal
polarisers multiply to the zero matrix; a polariser is idempotent
(P @ P == P); a half-wave plate is an involution up to a global phase
(H @ H == -I in this symmetric convention); a quarter-wave plate at 45
degrees turns horizontal linear light into circular (|S3| == 1); the
Malus law cos^2(theta) falls out of two polarisers at relative angle
theta.
Raises ValueError: an unknown kind (the message lists the valid
ones); non-finite angle_deg or retardance_deg.
Ideal, lossless, normal-incidence elements. A real polariser has a finite
extinction ratio and a real waveplate is chromatic; the waveplate’s
chromatism is not modelled and not silently approximated, and the finite
extinction ratio exists only in the Mueller family
(:func:mueller_partial_polarizer). Jones algebra can only carry fully
polarised light — for partial polarisation use :func:mueller_element.
Per-pixel fields (2026-10-23). An array angle_deg (or, for
kind="retarder", an array retardance_deg) builds one element per
entry: the result is (*shape, 2, 2) where shape is the broadcast of
the array arguments — a fast-axis or retardance map of a photoelastic part,
one matrix per pixel. Scalars take the original code path untouched, so a
scalar call returns exactly what it always did. The output is capped at
:data:MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS numbers.
Angle convention. angle_deg is measured from +x (along a row) toward +y (down the rows): clockwise on a displayed image. See the comment at the top of the polarisation section of this module for how that was established and what a counter-clockwise sensor must do.
optics の全 op は入力を検証してから計算する(黙って通さない):
_mm / _um / _deg / _mrad。mm と µm の取り違えは crash ではなく「もっともらしく間違った答え」なので、名前で防ぐ。大きさから単位を推測する処理は一切しない。ValueError — float('50') は成功してしまうため、未パースの設定値が長さとして通り抜ける(実測: thin_lens('50', '200') がもっともらしい 66.667 mm を返していた)。bool も True == 1 の暗黙昇格として拒否。ValueError(実数枠のみ。虚部の無言切り捨て・マスク剥がしを拒否)。NaN/Inf は全入力で ValueError。depth_of_field の過焦点距離以遠の far_mm = inf(それが過焦点距離の定義)と gaussian_beam のウエストでの wavefront_radius_mm = inf(平面波面の曲率半径)。どちらも有限の相棒(far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm)を併せて返す。それ以外の無言 NaN/Inf は内部で検出して ValueError —「float64 が溢れた」と「答えが無限大」は別の主張なので、後者の顔で前者を返さない。optics.MAX_GRID(4096)、供給された場/PSF/開口は optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS(2^24)、ABCD 素子列は optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS(1024)、Zernike は MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS(512)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER(40)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS(2^25)。小さな引数から巨大な内部確保が起きる経路(実測: n_max=40 × 4096² で 108 GB)を fail-closed で塞ぐ。| 物理的に不可能な状態も拒否: 偏光度 > 1 の Stokes ベクトル、負の透過率、負の強度、n- | m | が奇数などの不正な Zernike 添字。 |
py -3.11 examples/optics_imaging.pycimage を入力に取れる)angular_spectrum_propagate · four_f_filter · jones_apply
polarization)jones_apply · stokes_from_jones · mueller_element · mueller_partial_polarizer · mueller_apply · stokes_analyze · polarization_demosaic · polarization_demosaic_color
Provenance: optics.py — OPTICS operator registry. この per-op ノートは tools/opdocs.py md が自動生成(手編集しない)。
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.